DVM Test Methods

Physical Exam

A veterinarian often begins by testing an animal's overall welfare by completing a physical exam. The physical exam may include testing the condition of the animal's eyes and ears, its heart rate, weight, temperature, hydration level and the health of the respiratory system. The veterinarian will then compare the results against the norms for the species. The physical exam may include palpation of the animal's stomach, legs, rectum or other areas of concern which may help narrow down potential causes of illness or injury.

Blood work is routinely done on animals who are sick or on those having surgery, to check for abnormalities or to establish a baseline for the animal should it become sick in the future. A complete blood count will test for the number of red and white blood cells, as well as hemoglobin and platelet counts. Blood chemistry is another test used by veterinarians that can help determine whether or not certain organs are functioning properly by measuring various elements contained in the blood including protein, potassium, cholesterol and calcium.

Various imaging techniques are used on animals of all sizes. Radiography, or x-rays, are commonly used to check for broken bones or foreign objects in the body. For suspected soft-tissue injuries, a veterinarian can test using magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. Ultrasounds are used to give the veterinarian a look at the internal organs to check for problems like tumors, digestive issues and joint mobility.

The veterinarian may use stool samples to test for parasites or blood, which may indicate internal bleeding or bacteria. A urine sample from the animal can be tested for urinary tract infections, bacterial infections and pH, all of which may indicate an infection in a certain area.