The retrogression of yesterday reflects on today's inefficiencies, today's monumental qualities shows how progressive tomorrow can be.
The justification of days before now makes way for today's monumental social and political calculations.
This piece is to reflect on numerous issues around the world today which yesterday was unable to address, here we take a look at world progressive governance and retrogression faced as a result of diplomatic inefficiencies which bring about world security challenge that makes people vulnerable to the entire game of world politics.
Yesterday has not changed, the cold war experience lingers as lesson for us the young people to learn from, while today has not repent from the mistake and influence of the past negligence which makes the future difficult to be justified and vindicated from world political miasma because of events that unfolds everyday.
As a young man of mid-thirty and a progressive democrat from the South, I've not seeing peaceful resolutions to the world most distorted aggression that have besieged our world of inequalities into a conclusive metamorphosis, this is because of grievances harbored by individual nations and governments, where a change of government always result to a change of tactics and policies.
From the threat from the eastern Europe to the north of Asia and restlessness in the Middle East to the North Africa, and the negligence social and political crisis in Africa.
I have not seeing a change we deserve to ensure peace and security without threat to lives and property no matter the location, race or religion.
War from beyond reflects on the latter part of human existence which continue to make the weak more vulnerable and the strong more powerful.
What is the problem of the world?, this missive is to reiterate on the speech delivered by former U.
K Prime Minister Late Mrs Margaret Thatcher at John Findley Foundation Lecture on 9th March 1996 at West Minster College, Fulton M.
O.
This re-awakening speech caught my attention while I was reading speeches made by top political and government officials.
The speech titled "New Threat for Old" emphasized the phenomenal of the world political and security challenges and the role played by Western World to ensure peace and security.
The audacity and prowess of this gallant political leader and disciplinarian was second to none, that's why her role culminated the nerves of the Western power play in the World politics of stability.
What is the problem of the world?, is it our social differences?,is it our political make ups?, our religion and beliefs?,or our colors and race?.
Is it as a result of stiff-necked leaders that makes themselves monarch on people, ruling by force and by humiliation? or domineering power of the West that want to enforce democracy on the rest of the world?, there must be reasons to the world problem but the way out might not be far fetched.
The power encrypted speech of Madam Thatcher focused on important points on international aggression.
She made emphasis on the speech of Winston Churchill at same Fulton where the former U.
K Prime Minister exclusively spoke about world's stability not long after Second World War.
The speech was delivered as a result of the consequences of those wars and the world most adversaries.
Towards the end of that great conflict,.
The wartime allies had forged new international institutions for post war co-operation.
There was in those days great optimism, not least in the United State, about a world without conflict presided over benevolently by bodies like the United Nations, the IMF, the World Bank, and the GATT.
But the high hopes reposed in them were increasingly disappointed as Stalin Lowered the Iron Curtain over Eastern Europe, made no secret of his global ambitions and became an antagonist rather than ally.
Churchill's speech here was the first serious warning of what was afoot, and it helped to wake up the entire West.
The Churchill speech bore rich fruit in the new institutions forged to strengthen the West against Stalin's assault.
The Marshall Plan laid the foundations for Europe's post-war economic recovery.
The Truman Doctrine made plain that America would resist communist subversion of democracy.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization mobilized America's allies for mutual defense against the Soviet Steamroller.
Stalin had overplayed his hand by attempting to destroy international co-operation, he succeeded in stimulating it along more realistic lines and not just through Western "Cold War" institutions like NATO.
As the West recovered and united, growing in prosperity and confidence, so it also breathed new life into some of the first set of post-war institutions like the GATT and the IMF.
Without the Russian to obstruct them, these bodies helped to usher in what the Marxist historian, Eric Hobsbawn, has ruefully christened the Golden Age of Capitalism.
Today, we are at what could be similar to previous struggles, the long twilight struggle of the cold war ended about 4 decades ago with complete victory for the West and for subject people of the communist empire.
It ended amidst high hopes of "A New World Order".
But those hopes have been grievously disappointed by previous events taken place across the world.
Bosnia, Somalia, Sudan, Mali and the rise of Islamic militancy all point to instability and conflict rather than co-operation and harmony.
Thatcher explained more on the causes and influence of those wars on world political stability.
She frankly said that the different between "the West and the rest is primitive political ideologies, which have been extinct in Western Europe and America for two generations", this simply means the political mentality and perception of the West is clearly different from the rest of the world which is a major player in world social and political instability.
The West are more organized while others dangles behind, the West are of advance political empirical while others are purely monarchical.
The West with high moral challenges characterized with lack of cultural standard which is absolutely abnormal in other regions.
Once a man from far country gets accustom to Western madness, he'll feel that his culture is primitive and of no values, that's why Putin stood against same sex marriage.
Moreover, we learn in positive ways that can change our entire lives and society as leaders, not to be influenced by the wrong custom or completely oppose the Western gestures.
When you stand at the other side, you become an enemy of the West; it's a fact that everything has opposition.
We have positive and negative which makes life to work, once the positive is active, the negative becomes supportive to make the positive produce.
In case that negative refused to co-operate, the positive will overrule the negative either by force or by submission.
In the case of today's world, the positive are the West while the negative are trying to scramble upon the potent of the positive with their aggression.
The speech of Mrs Margaret Thatcher indicated the fact that if the West failed to police the world, the situation will get out of hand, the rise of world extremist and Islamic militants are indications.
The international bodies, in-which our hopes were reposed anew after 1989 and 1991, have given us neither prosperity nor security.
There is a pervasive anxiety about the drift of events.
It remains to be seen whether this generation will respond to these pervasive threats because U.
N negotiations and peace deals are becoming ineffective.
Based on the relative events of the past and happenings of today, trust is one significant thing missing in the world political and economic affairs.
U.
S foreign policies always scare people from the other side while no one can boast of Russian trust in world politics.
A revival of Russian power will create new problems, just like the World was struggling to cope with problems which the soviet collapse has itself created outside the old borders of the USSR.
When the Soviet power broke down, so did the control it exercised, however fitfully and irresponsibly, over rogue states like Syria, Iraq and Gaddafi's Libya.
They have in effect been released to commit whatever mischief they wish without bothering to check with their arms supplier and bank manager.
The Soviet collapse have always aggravated the single most awesome threat of modern times; the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
These weapons and the ability to develop and deliver them, are today acquired by middle-income countries with modest populations such as Iraq, Iran, Libya, Syria which sometimes acquired from other powers like China and North Korea, but most ominously from Soviet arsenals, or unemployed scientists, or from organized criminal rings, all by way of a growing international black market.
According to Stephen Hadley, former President Bush's assistant secretary for international security policy he said "By the end of the decade, we could see over countries with ballistic missiles, 9 with nuclear weapons, 10 with biological weapons and up to 30 with chemical weapons, which is now being used by rogue nations.
Now, whether Syria of today surrenders her chemical weapon to the U.
N as being proposed by her defense country Russia, the aggression still continues because neither Russia, Syria nor other rogue States can be trusted.
These new threats to the World security is even more serious that other extremist countries might be piling up strategies to use their weapons anytime, either against their own people, neighbors or the rest of the world.
The West has to deal with numbers of possible adversaries, each with different characteristics.
In some cases, their mentality differs from the West even more than those of old Cold War enemy.
So the potential for misunderstanding is great and there must be a clear mind about strategic intentions, and just as clear in signaling these potential aggressors.
The battle for the world super power continues between the moderate and extremist, an act of policing the world by the West guarantees peace and security.
As Mrs Thatcher bluntly recalled that the dissolution of the former USSR will birth the emergence of world's aggression through extreme cohesion of foreign policy and alignment of the Islamic militants where terrorism and abuse of power is at its peak.
Russia has always being an opposition to the West, the previous bombardment of Georgia, diplomatic rift with U.
K and recent support for Assad amidst world's condemnation of Syrian chemical attack on her people and invasion of Crimea in Ukraine is a clear indication.
U.
S has always been trying to coddle with Russian opposition and aggression and have had several romances with Russia on treaties which include Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaties which was signed by both countries.
This is to pressure down the diplomatic tensions that may result to world security problem.
Accusation of who is spying who has always been traded between both countries in the past which both countries were trying to control their diplomatic exigencies but never relent on the value of their foreign policies.
While Putin admitted that he had a constructive and meaningful discussion with Obama over Syria but never had a conclusive agreement, this was an indication that talks cannot be ruled out in the world political game but might not be absolute solution for World disputes for both the moderates and extremist to embrace.
Obama reiterated his policy of ending wars not to start them, but the situation in Syria calls for military intervention which Putin bluntly opposed.
Constructive discussions and negotiations can never end in world politics while diplomatic conspiracy will always have its way, that's why the world will continue to remain on perpetual threat.
In 2013 Russia paraded her military hardware with President Putin watched the country's spectacular show of military might, the biggest since the days of the old Soviet regime, involving 160,000 troops and 5,000 tanks across Siberia and the far eastern region.
At Lake Baikal, 130 combat aircraft and dozens of Russia's pacific fleet ships took part.
The country's Deputy Defense Minister, Anatoly Antonov said "it is part of regular combat training and not directed against any particular nation.
Main while, in 2012, overseas sales of Russia military hard ware topped the 11billion euros mark a record figure and surpassing all forecasts by around half a million euros.
Russian news agencies quoted President Putin as saying the country's defense industry also sealed export contracts worth another 11.
3billion euro for 2012.
The news confirms Russia as the world's second arm exporter after the U.
S.
Russian government also has unveiled an ambitious arms modernization programme that envisages spending over 20 trillion rubles (400 billion pounds) on new weapons through 2020.
Now, my observation is that acquiring of weapons is only for the purpose of domineering and causing frictions in the world.
Russia and her allies are the opposition of the progressive moderate that have respect for humanity and the rule of law.
Russian support for Bashar al Assad has two sided positions which is clearly understood.
The current World Order has been violated, abused and jeopardized by Russian continuous aggression and show of might.
The invasion of Crimea can be seeing as violation of Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity which is a breach of international law.
It's obvious that Russia doesn't want to be taken for a ride by the West and will do everything possible to ensure distinct clarity from the West; the restriction of America from adopting Russian orphans is a clear example.
When President Putin took back the power from Dmitry Medvedev, in his address he said "lots of Russians are living outside Russia", he's determined to protect them from Western influence and win them back into Russian territory.
Georgian invasion was a clear example while Crimea invasion is another evidence of what Putin have in mind of forceful reclamation of Russians outside Russian boarders, the Baltic States might be next on Putin's agenda.
The large numbers of Crimeans are not helping the situation as their alliance and loyalty to Russia is stronger than that of the Ukraine while the memory of Soviet eulogies is very strong in their heart.
Russia is aggrieved of Soviet collapse and will do anything possible to humiliate smaller neighbors who are not in alliance with her through her military might.
The approach taken by Russia is worth condemnable which violate international law, if Russia succeeded in annexing Crimea with her military invasion like in the Georgia, we should be looking out for other stronger nations encroaching smaller nation's territories just like the case of Falkland Island being taken by U.
K.
This action will result to total anarchy and gross violation of international law while the present World Order is subverted.
A New World Order has to be in place to prevent violation of human right and International law, to prevent lost of lives and property across the world.
The experience of the past should be able to guide our activities as students of history.
We cannot afford to allow someone to cause friction that will drag the world backward and into another war, there are works to do, goals to achieve, economic battles to fight to make the world a unified entity for growth and development.
The U.
N has lot to do to ensure peaceful co-existence, freedom of rights and privileges to all nations, and territorial integrity of smaller nations to be preserved.
Education, internal democracy, freedom of speech and association must be guaranteed in all countries of the world that will make all people equal before the law.
The warring states must come to a peaceful resolution under a New World Order, the influence of religion practice cannot be undermined in human methodology, but access to quality education can change people's perception and thinking pattern.
So therefore, the international Institutions should switch into action to prevent break down of law and order instead of just being mediators during crisis.
If peace can be maintained, crisis can be prevented, and if crisis is inevitable, then peace can be enforced.
The U.
N must rise to put end to serial violence, attack on innocent souls across the world and invasion of weaker nations by stronger one, the injustice meted out against individuals and opposition in those derailing states that has always led to cohesion and rebellion must stop.
The recent uprising across Arab nations is an indication of change in perception and mental development of the people which culminates new thinking and new sacrifice for new leadership.
Education and access to information played vital roles in our present days which also played major role in the uprising, for the kind of nation the new generation deserves.
A New World Order is inevitable in ensuring peace, development and co-existence in our World that is facing population outburst and struggling to meet the MDGs.
The justification of days before now makes way for today's monumental social and political calculations.
This piece is to reflect on numerous issues around the world today which yesterday was unable to address, here we take a look at world progressive governance and retrogression faced as a result of diplomatic inefficiencies which bring about world security challenge that makes people vulnerable to the entire game of world politics.
Yesterday has not changed, the cold war experience lingers as lesson for us the young people to learn from, while today has not repent from the mistake and influence of the past negligence which makes the future difficult to be justified and vindicated from world political miasma because of events that unfolds everyday.
As a young man of mid-thirty and a progressive democrat from the South, I've not seeing peaceful resolutions to the world most distorted aggression that have besieged our world of inequalities into a conclusive metamorphosis, this is because of grievances harbored by individual nations and governments, where a change of government always result to a change of tactics and policies.
From the threat from the eastern Europe to the north of Asia and restlessness in the Middle East to the North Africa, and the negligence social and political crisis in Africa.
I have not seeing a change we deserve to ensure peace and security without threat to lives and property no matter the location, race or religion.
War from beyond reflects on the latter part of human existence which continue to make the weak more vulnerable and the strong more powerful.
What is the problem of the world?, this missive is to reiterate on the speech delivered by former U.
K Prime Minister Late Mrs Margaret Thatcher at John Findley Foundation Lecture on 9th March 1996 at West Minster College, Fulton M.
O.
This re-awakening speech caught my attention while I was reading speeches made by top political and government officials.
The speech titled "New Threat for Old" emphasized the phenomenal of the world political and security challenges and the role played by Western World to ensure peace and security.
The audacity and prowess of this gallant political leader and disciplinarian was second to none, that's why her role culminated the nerves of the Western power play in the World politics of stability.
What is the problem of the world?, is it our social differences?,is it our political make ups?, our religion and beliefs?,or our colors and race?.
Is it as a result of stiff-necked leaders that makes themselves monarch on people, ruling by force and by humiliation? or domineering power of the West that want to enforce democracy on the rest of the world?, there must be reasons to the world problem but the way out might not be far fetched.
The power encrypted speech of Madam Thatcher focused on important points on international aggression.
She made emphasis on the speech of Winston Churchill at same Fulton where the former U.
K Prime Minister exclusively spoke about world's stability not long after Second World War.
The speech was delivered as a result of the consequences of those wars and the world most adversaries.
Towards the end of that great conflict,.
The wartime allies had forged new international institutions for post war co-operation.
There was in those days great optimism, not least in the United State, about a world without conflict presided over benevolently by bodies like the United Nations, the IMF, the World Bank, and the GATT.
But the high hopes reposed in them were increasingly disappointed as Stalin Lowered the Iron Curtain over Eastern Europe, made no secret of his global ambitions and became an antagonist rather than ally.
Churchill's speech here was the first serious warning of what was afoot, and it helped to wake up the entire West.
The Churchill speech bore rich fruit in the new institutions forged to strengthen the West against Stalin's assault.
The Marshall Plan laid the foundations for Europe's post-war economic recovery.
The Truman Doctrine made plain that America would resist communist subversion of democracy.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization mobilized America's allies for mutual defense against the Soviet Steamroller.
Stalin had overplayed his hand by attempting to destroy international co-operation, he succeeded in stimulating it along more realistic lines and not just through Western "Cold War" institutions like NATO.
As the West recovered and united, growing in prosperity and confidence, so it also breathed new life into some of the first set of post-war institutions like the GATT and the IMF.
Without the Russian to obstruct them, these bodies helped to usher in what the Marxist historian, Eric Hobsbawn, has ruefully christened the Golden Age of Capitalism.
Today, we are at what could be similar to previous struggles, the long twilight struggle of the cold war ended about 4 decades ago with complete victory for the West and for subject people of the communist empire.
It ended amidst high hopes of "A New World Order".
But those hopes have been grievously disappointed by previous events taken place across the world.
Bosnia, Somalia, Sudan, Mali and the rise of Islamic militancy all point to instability and conflict rather than co-operation and harmony.
Thatcher explained more on the causes and influence of those wars on world political stability.
She frankly said that the different between "the West and the rest is primitive political ideologies, which have been extinct in Western Europe and America for two generations", this simply means the political mentality and perception of the West is clearly different from the rest of the world which is a major player in world social and political instability.
The West are more organized while others dangles behind, the West are of advance political empirical while others are purely monarchical.
The West with high moral challenges characterized with lack of cultural standard which is absolutely abnormal in other regions.
Once a man from far country gets accustom to Western madness, he'll feel that his culture is primitive and of no values, that's why Putin stood against same sex marriage.
Moreover, we learn in positive ways that can change our entire lives and society as leaders, not to be influenced by the wrong custom or completely oppose the Western gestures.
When you stand at the other side, you become an enemy of the West; it's a fact that everything has opposition.
We have positive and negative which makes life to work, once the positive is active, the negative becomes supportive to make the positive produce.
In case that negative refused to co-operate, the positive will overrule the negative either by force or by submission.
In the case of today's world, the positive are the West while the negative are trying to scramble upon the potent of the positive with their aggression.
The speech of Mrs Margaret Thatcher indicated the fact that if the West failed to police the world, the situation will get out of hand, the rise of world extremist and Islamic militants are indications.
The international bodies, in-which our hopes were reposed anew after 1989 and 1991, have given us neither prosperity nor security.
There is a pervasive anxiety about the drift of events.
It remains to be seen whether this generation will respond to these pervasive threats because U.
N negotiations and peace deals are becoming ineffective.
Based on the relative events of the past and happenings of today, trust is one significant thing missing in the world political and economic affairs.
U.
S foreign policies always scare people from the other side while no one can boast of Russian trust in world politics.
A revival of Russian power will create new problems, just like the World was struggling to cope with problems which the soviet collapse has itself created outside the old borders of the USSR.
When the Soviet power broke down, so did the control it exercised, however fitfully and irresponsibly, over rogue states like Syria, Iraq and Gaddafi's Libya.
They have in effect been released to commit whatever mischief they wish without bothering to check with their arms supplier and bank manager.
The Soviet collapse have always aggravated the single most awesome threat of modern times; the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
These weapons and the ability to develop and deliver them, are today acquired by middle-income countries with modest populations such as Iraq, Iran, Libya, Syria which sometimes acquired from other powers like China and North Korea, but most ominously from Soviet arsenals, or unemployed scientists, or from organized criminal rings, all by way of a growing international black market.
According to Stephen Hadley, former President Bush's assistant secretary for international security policy he said "By the end of the decade, we could see over countries with ballistic missiles, 9 with nuclear weapons, 10 with biological weapons and up to 30 with chemical weapons, which is now being used by rogue nations.
Now, whether Syria of today surrenders her chemical weapon to the U.
N as being proposed by her defense country Russia, the aggression still continues because neither Russia, Syria nor other rogue States can be trusted.
These new threats to the World security is even more serious that other extremist countries might be piling up strategies to use their weapons anytime, either against their own people, neighbors or the rest of the world.
The West has to deal with numbers of possible adversaries, each with different characteristics.
In some cases, their mentality differs from the West even more than those of old Cold War enemy.
So the potential for misunderstanding is great and there must be a clear mind about strategic intentions, and just as clear in signaling these potential aggressors.
The battle for the world super power continues between the moderate and extremist, an act of policing the world by the West guarantees peace and security.
As Mrs Thatcher bluntly recalled that the dissolution of the former USSR will birth the emergence of world's aggression through extreme cohesion of foreign policy and alignment of the Islamic militants where terrorism and abuse of power is at its peak.
Russia has always being an opposition to the West, the previous bombardment of Georgia, diplomatic rift with U.
K and recent support for Assad amidst world's condemnation of Syrian chemical attack on her people and invasion of Crimea in Ukraine is a clear indication.
U.
S has always been trying to coddle with Russian opposition and aggression and have had several romances with Russia on treaties which include Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaties which was signed by both countries.
This is to pressure down the diplomatic tensions that may result to world security problem.
Accusation of who is spying who has always been traded between both countries in the past which both countries were trying to control their diplomatic exigencies but never relent on the value of their foreign policies.
While Putin admitted that he had a constructive and meaningful discussion with Obama over Syria but never had a conclusive agreement, this was an indication that talks cannot be ruled out in the world political game but might not be absolute solution for World disputes for both the moderates and extremist to embrace.
Obama reiterated his policy of ending wars not to start them, but the situation in Syria calls for military intervention which Putin bluntly opposed.
Constructive discussions and negotiations can never end in world politics while diplomatic conspiracy will always have its way, that's why the world will continue to remain on perpetual threat.
In 2013 Russia paraded her military hardware with President Putin watched the country's spectacular show of military might, the biggest since the days of the old Soviet regime, involving 160,000 troops and 5,000 tanks across Siberia and the far eastern region.
At Lake Baikal, 130 combat aircraft and dozens of Russia's pacific fleet ships took part.
The country's Deputy Defense Minister, Anatoly Antonov said "it is part of regular combat training and not directed against any particular nation.
Main while, in 2012, overseas sales of Russia military hard ware topped the 11billion euros mark a record figure and surpassing all forecasts by around half a million euros.
Russian news agencies quoted President Putin as saying the country's defense industry also sealed export contracts worth another 11.
3billion euro for 2012.
The news confirms Russia as the world's second arm exporter after the U.
S.
Russian government also has unveiled an ambitious arms modernization programme that envisages spending over 20 trillion rubles (400 billion pounds) on new weapons through 2020.
Now, my observation is that acquiring of weapons is only for the purpose of domineering and causing frictions in the world.
Russia and her allies are the opposition of the progressive moderate that have respect for humanity and the rule of law.
Russian support for Bashar al Assad has two sided positions which is clearly understood.
The current World Order has been violated, abused and jeopardized by Russian continuous aggression and show of might.
The invasion of Crimea can be seeing as violation of Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity which is a breach of international law.
It's obvious that Russia doesn't want to be taken for a ride by the West and will do everything possible to ensure distinct clarity from the West; the restriction of America from adopting Russian orphans is a clear example.
When President Putin took back the power from Dmitry Medvedev, in his address he said "lots of Russians are living outside Russia", he's determined to protect them from Western influence and win them back into Russian territory.
Georgian invasion was a clear example while Crimea invasion is another evidence of what Putin have in mind of forceful reclamation of Russians outside Russian boarders, the Baltic States might be next on Putin's agenda.
The large numbers of Crimeans are not helping the situation as their alliance and loyalty to Russia is stronger than that of the Ukraine while the memory of Soviet eulogies is very strong in their heart.
Russia is aggrieved of Soviet collapse and will do anything possible to humiliate smaller neighbors who are not in alliance with her through her military might.
The approach taken by Russia is worth condemnable which violate international law, if Russia succeeded in annexing Crimea with her military invasion like in the Georgia, we should be looking out for other stronger nations encroaching smaller nation's territories just like the case of Falkland Island being taken by U.
K.
This action will result to total anarchy and gross violation of international law while the present World Order is subverted.
A New World Order has to be in place to prevent violation of human right and International law, to prevent lost of lives and property across the world.
The experience of the past should be able to guide our activities as students of history.
We cannot afford to allow someone to cause friction that will drag the world backward and into another war, there are works to do, goals to achieve, economic battles to fight to make the world a unified entity for growth and development.
The U.
N has lot to do to ensure peaceful co-existence, freedom of rights and privileges to all nations, and territorial integrity of smaller nations to be preserved.
Education, internal democracy, freedom of speech and association must be guaranteed in all countries of the world that will make all people equal before the law.
The warring states must come to a peaceful resolution under a New World Order, the influence of religion practice cannot be undermined in human methodology, but access to quality education can change people's perception and thinking pattern.
So therefore, the international Institutions should switch into action to prevent break down of law and order instead of just being mediators during crisis.
If peace can be maintained, crisis can be prevented, and if crisis is inevitable, then peace can be enforced.
The U.
N must rise to put end to serial violence, attack on innocent souls across the world and invasion of weaker nations by stronger one, the injustice meted out against individuals and opposition in those derailing states that has always led to cohesion and rebellion must stop.
The recent uprising across Arab nations is an indication of change in perception and mental development of the people which culminates new thinking and new sacrifice for new leadership.
Education and access to information played vital roles in our present days which also played major role in the uprising, for the kind of nation the new generation deserves.
A New World Order is inevitable in ensuring peace, development and co-existence in our World that is facing population outburst and struggling to meet the MDGs.
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