- The U.S. National Library of Medicine reports that the cause of major depressive order is unknown. The current theory, as of 2009, is that it is caused by a chemical imbalance which may have genetic or environmental roots.
- In addition to feelings of sadness, major depressive disorder is characterized by a loss of interest in daily activities, difficulty thinking, weight changes, fatigue, and irritability. Suicide attempts or persistent suicidal thoughts can also accompany major depressive disorder.
- Diagnosis of depression can only be performed by a qualified physician or mental health expert and should be accompanied by medical tests to rule out biological causes. Criteria for the condition are laid out in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision (current version).
- Treatment for major depression is usually a combination of antidepressant medication and talk therapy. Other treatments may include electroconvulsive (shock) therapy, lithium and hormone supplementation.
- Major depression tends to respond well to proper treatment, but untreated major depression creates a high risk of substance abuse and suicide.
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