Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: What Is Known About It?
R.D. is a 45-year-old Caucasian woman who works as a nurse practitioner in an urban hospital in the southwestern United States. She has been married for two years and has two adult children. R.D. found a lump in her right breast on April 9, 2012, while changing clothes. She had not noticed this lump before and asked her husband to palpate the area. He had not noticed the lesion before this time, but he also could easily feel the mass. R.D. had no history of breast mass in the past; however, she had two benign diagnostic mammograms with ultrasound to rule out pathology in 2009 and 2010.
R.D. has hypertension treated with atenolol 50 mg by mouth daily, overactive bladder managed with oxybutynin 10 mg by mouth daily, and rosacea controlled with minocycline 100 mg by mouth daily. Her allergies include codeine and clemastine. R.D. was aged 11 years at menarche, and at ages 21 and 25, she vaginally delivered two children without complications. She breastfed both of her infants for seven days and had a 30-day course of bromocriptine after she stopped breastfeeding the first time. R.D. had an uncomplicated tonsillectomy as a child. In 2000, she had a hysterectomy with a unilateral salpingoophorectomy (for menometrorrhagia unresponsive to pharmacotherapy) and a bladder suspension (for history of urinary incontinence since childhood). No history of malignancies exist in any first-degree relatives. R.D.'s maternal great-grandfather died from lung cancer, one maternal uncle passed from pancreatic cancer, and another maternal uncle died from angiosarcoma. Review of systems revealed no complaints or chronic medical problems.
Case Study
R.D. is a 45-year-old Caucasian woman who works as a nurse practitioner in an urban hospital in the southwestern United States. She has been married for two years and has two adult children. R.D. found a lump in her right breast on April 9, 2012, while changing clothes. She had not noticed this lump before and asked her husband to palpate the area. He had not noticed the lesion before this time, but he also could easily feel the mass. R.D. had no history of breast mass in the past; however, she had two benign diagnostic mammograms with ultrasound to rule out pathology in 2009 and 2010.
Medical History
R.D. has hypertension treated with atenolol 50 mg by mouth daily, overactive bladder managed with oxybutynin 10 mg by mouth daily, and rosacea controlled with minocycline 100 mg by mouth daily. Her allergies include codeine and clemastine. R.D. was aged 11 years at menarche, and at ages 21 and 25, she vaginally delivered two children without complications. She breastfed both of her infants for seven days and had a 30-day course of bromocriptine after she stopped breastfeeding the first time. R.D. had an uncomplicated tonsillectomy as a child. In 2000, she had a hysterectomy with a unilateral salpingoophorectomy (for menometrorrhagia unresponsive to pharmacotherapy) and a bladder suspension (for history of urinary incontinence since childhood). No history of malignancies exist in any first-degree relatives. R.D.'s maternal great-grandfather died from lung cancer, one maternal uncle passed from pancreatic cancer, and another maternal uncle died from angiosarcoma. Review of systems revealed no complaints or chronic medical problems.
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