How Wheelchairs Are Made

Wheels

The wheels and tires on a wheelchair are constructed in a similar manner to those of a bicycle, often aluminum (the rim) and steel (spokes). The wheels are often constructed along an assembly line and shipped to the manufacturer, where a worker installs steel brackets that are evenly spaced along the wheel. These brackets are used to connect the hand rim to the wheel. Once this is done, the worker will use a machine to put the rubber (or plastic) tire on the wheel by slowly stretching the tire until it fits snugly on the wheel. Either the worker or an automated machine will connect the hand rim to the wheel with steel screws. Finally, the builder will install the bearing. Because of the precision and care needed, this task is typically done by hand.

The frame, by and large, is constructed with a series of lightweight aluminum parts that slide together. In order to make sure each piece slides together smoothly, a factory worker will apply a thin layer of lubricant to assist in the process of sliding the parts into place. Once the worker has connected each part, he sets them in place with heavy duty screws. Finally, the worker tests each function of the wheelchair to ensure that each element works properly. If there is any kind of sticking or if a part does not function, the worker will repair the part, replacing it only as a last option.

The worker attaches the chair to the frame once the frame has been completed. Depending on the material (nylon or leather) used for the chair, it will either easily slide into place or require some lubrication. Regardless of the material, a worker slides the seat onto the frame by hand to minimize the risk of damage. The seat bottom is attached first. Several screw holes in the slips of the seat bottom will line up with holes on the frame and a worker will insert screws to help hold the seat firm. Then the worker slides the back rest into place on the frame in a similar manner.

The last thing is the attachment of the wheels onto the chair frame. By hand, a worker slides the wheels onto the frame by the axel with small adjustments to ensure the best fit. Then a handbrake will also be attached. The handbrake steadies the wheelchair for the user when transferring himself between the chair and either a bed or stationary seat (such as a toilet).

Some wheelchair designs feature additional components, such as a steering stick and motor. These devices are often installed at the end of the wheelchair construction process.