Preparation

• The colon and bowel need to be completely emptied and cleansed. A clear liquid diet is required one to three days in advance. Some patients may need to take a laxative or perform an enema.
  
  

Precautions

• Doctors should be told if patients take aspirin, arthritis and blood thinner medications, insulin or iron supplements, or if they have heart or lung disease.
  
  

Procedure

• A total colonoscopy takes about 30 minutes to an hour to complete. Patients lay on their left side and are comfortably sedated. Vital signs are monitored as a colonoscope is inserted into the rectum and moved up the colon. The doctor views abnormalities and removes growths or tissue that may be present.
  
  

Side Effects

• Patients may feel mild cramps, bloating or gas during or right after a total colonoscopy.
  
  

Complications

• Although rare, some people may feel dizzy and weak, experience bloody bowel movements or pain in the abdomen.
  
  

Significance

• Removal of growths or polyps during a total colonoscopy may keep cancer away.