How Do Electrolysis Machines Work?

Definition

Electrolysis machines remove hair by electrifying the hair follicle to temporarily destroy its growth.

Electrolysis began in the 19th century when it was first noted that an electrified needle could eliminate hair. The system was improved and became a specialty in the 20th century. Licensing began to recognize technicians who have undergone specialized training.

The electrolysis technician inserts an electrified probe, which is also called a needle, into the hair follicle. The probe should not break the skin, which can risk infection. Some machines use an attachment that holds the hair during the electrification, making it safer.

Two methods of electrolysis can be used to destroy the hair follicle. Galvanic electrolysis alters the salt and water balance at the hair follicle to destroy it. Thermolysis generates heat to eliminate the follicle. Sometimes the two methods are combined.

All the methods work by destroying the follicle's blood supply and, thus, its ability to grow hair.

Ideally, an electrologist should be professionally trained, usually at a college or professional beauty school. Professional organizations give tests to determine skills and ability to safely treat patients as well as certify the technicians with a professional license. Equipment should be sterilized between each client use to minimize the risk of transmitting disease.

Electrolysis can be slightly painful and when it is, an anesthetic can be applied to the skin first. After treatment, the skin can be irritated and may temporarily redden. Because the probe must be inserted into every hair follicle, people undergoing electrolysis may need a series of hair removal sessions due to skin irritation.