Heartburn

• Heartburn refers to the burning sensation caused by stomach acid that has been displaced back up the esophagus. This reflux can occur when the lower esophageal sphincter does not close properly. The acid causes burning and chest pain. Frequent heartburn can lead to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
  
  

Causes

• The cause of heartburn is a lower esophageal sphincter (LES) that is not closing properly. Factors that contribute to this include overeating and extra pressure from pregnancy or excess weight. Diet also plays a role in proper functioning of the LES. Acidic foods or those high in fat can cause the LES to relax. Stress, smoking or consuming alcohol, chocolate or other caffeinated foods can exacerbate the problem.
  
  

Treatment

• Mild cases of heartburn can be managed with the use of an over-the-counter antacid, such as Tums. These antacids may come in the form of a tablet, foam or liquid, and work by neutralizing the stomach acid. In many cases, relief is felt immediately upon consumption. Occasionally, for persistent cases of heartburn, your doctor may recommend drugs like Prilosec or Nexium. As a last resort, the lower esophageal sphincter may require surgery for repair.
  
  

Prevention

• Reducing stress, not eating a large meal close to bedtime, sleeping propped up, avoiding consumption of alcohol and caffeine, quitting smoking and losing weight can all help prevent the occurrence of heartburn.