ADHD in Girls May Often Go Undiagnosed
Nov. 16, 1999 (Los Angeles) -- ADHD, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, may be more common in adolescent girls than was previously thought. It frequently goes undiagnosed because girls with ADHD are less likely to behave disruptively -- the most commonly recognizable sign of ADHD -- than boys with the disorder. This finding comes from a study in a recent issue of the Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. The study researchers say that this is the largest and most comprehensive study of girls with ADHD to date.
"The prevalence of both conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder [disruptive behavior disorders] found in this sample of girls with ADHD were half of those previously reported in boys with ADHD," the researchers write. "[T]he lower rates of these disorders in girls may lead to the under-recognition of ADHD in girls and may account for the marked gender differences frequently reported in clinical samples of children with ADHD."
"Because ADHD is not as visible in girls as it is in boys, it is less likely to be identified and treated," researcher Joseph Biederman, MD, tells WebMD. "This may account for the discrepancy in the diagnosis and treatment of girls." The other major signs and symptoms of ADHD -- impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulty paying attention -- are similar in both sexes, he says.
Biederman is a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. He and his colleagues studied girls ranging in age from 6 to 18 -- 140 with ADHD and 122 who did not have ADHD as a comparison ("control") group. The girls in both groups were screened by "raters" specially trained to evaluate signs and symptoms of ADHD and any co-existing similar disorders, which were much more common in girls with ADHD than in the controls. Forty-five percent of the girls with ADHD had one or more co-existing disorders, which included disruptive behavior disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse. Girls with ADHD also scored lower on tests of academic achievement and intellectual functioning. In particular, Biederman tells WebMD that he was surprised by the high level of substance abuse found among girls with ADHD, often by age 11.
"The prevalence of both conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder [disruptive behavior disorders] found in this sample of girls with ADHD were half of those previously reported in boys with ADHD," the researchers write. "[T]he lower rates of these disorders in girls may lead to the under-recognition of ADHD in girls and may account for the marked gender differences frequently reported in clinical samples of children with ADHD."
"Because ADHD is not as visible in girls as it is in boys, it is less likely to be identified and treated," researcher Joseph Biederman, MD, tells WebMD. "This may account for the discrepancy in the diagnosis and treatment of girls." The other major signs and symptoms of ADHD -- impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulty paying attention -- are similar in both sexes, he says.
Biederman is a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. He and his colleagues studied girls ranging in age from 6 to 18 -- 140 with ADHD and 122 who did not have ADHD as a comparison ("control") group. The girls in both groups were screened by "raters" specially trained to evaluate signs and symptoms of ADHD and any co-existing similar disorders, which were much more common in girls with ADHD than in the controls. Forty-five percent of the girls with ADHD had one or more co-existing disorders, which included disruptive behavior disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse. Girls with ADHD also scored lower on tests of academic achievement and intellectual functioning. In particular, Biederman tells WebMD that he was surprised by the high level of substance abuse found among girls with ADHD, often by age 11.
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